ppt课件-lecture4- san andreas u c l a seismic deployment（lecture4 -圣安德烈亚斯u c l地震部署）.pptVIP

Magnetism in rocks records the Earth’s magnetic field at time of cooling Hot (above Curie Point) magnetism is random. Cool (below Curie Point) magnetism locks in to direction of the magnetic field at that time. It is then stable w.r.t. future Reversals. Blocking temperature is temperature below the Curie Point that magnetism locks in. Lecture 4 Gravity and Magnetic Surveying Terrain corrections Bouguer correction assumes and infinite slab. Effect of hills or valley cause Gravity to be less. To correct both must be added. Terrain corrections can be computed using transparent template, called a Hammer Chart, which is placed over a topographic map. Chart is centred on gravity station and topography read off at centre of each segment. Terrain chart for topographic effects Global Free Air Gravity Map See topographic effect Andes, Himalayas, Deep ocean basins Matlab Program for Cylinder %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Cylinder %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% x=[-10:.1:10]; %depth a(1)=1; %radius a(2)=0.5; %density drho=1e3; x1=x; G=6.67e-11; R=sqrt(x1.^2+a(1)^2); dg=2*G*drho*pi*a(2)^2*a(1)./R.^2; f=dg*1e5; figure(1) plot(x,f,r) axis([-10,10,-2,2]) Program for Talwani Polygon close all xs=[-10:.1:10]; sumzee=0.0; for i=1:length(xd)-1; x=xd(i)-xs;xp=xd(i+1)-xs; z=zd(i); zp=zd(i+1); th=atan2(z,x); thp=atan2(zp,xp); phi=atan2((zp-z),(xp-x)); if z-zp==0, zp=0.0001;end a=xp+zp*((xp-x)./(z-zp)); term1=(th-thp); num=cos(th).*(tan(th)-tan(phi)); den=cos(thp).*(tan(thp)-tan(phi)); term2=tan(phi).*log(num./den); den zee=a.*sin(phi).*cos(phi).*(term1+term2); sumzee=zee+sumzee; end G=6.672e-11; rho=1e3; Gravity across the US and its relationship with tectonic features. Thick crust or thin lithosphere = low gravity because of less mass. Magnetic Field Measurements and Interpretation Roberts and Jachens, USGS, 1999 The dipole Can be caused by a bar magnet or a loop of current carrying wire Dipole (two poles) Note direction of field Earth’s field is mainly a dipole, but not only. N