EPOB 3430 2603 EXAM STARTS NEXT TUESDAY AT 埃博霉素B 3430 2603考试下星期二开始在.pptVIP

EPOB 3430 2603 EXAM STARTS NEXT TUESDAY AT 埃博霉素B 3430 2603考试下星期二开始在.ppt

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IPHY 3430 9-23-10 ULCERS Protection against stomach acid 1. Mucosal barrier 2. Membranes of mucosal cells impermeable to acid 3. Tight junctions between cells 4. Rapid turnover of cells Ulcers, cont. Causes: 1. Helicobacter pylori a. secretes urease b. flagellae help them tunnel into stomach wall c. avoid acid producing areas of stomach 2. Alcohol, non- steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, etc) 3. Stress induces overproduction of HCl Vomiting stimuli-- Vomiting center in medulla -- motor output -- PNS and SNS output Vomiting, cont. Stimuli: a. toxins in stomach b. pressure receptors at back of throat, tongue c. elevated intracranial pressure d. dizziness e. emotional stress (Psychogenic) Vomiting, cont. Motor output: 1. contraction of inspiratory muscles (esp. diaphragm) 2. glottis and epiglottis closure 3. abdominal muscles contract 4. uvula elevated to close off nasal passages 5. Jaw thrusts out, opening pharyngoesophageal sphincter PNS output: Salivation, nausea SNS output: sweating, increased heart rate Diarrhea Causes: 1. Infectious agents 2. Food allergies 3. Foods that stimulate gut motility 4. Psychogenic causes Mechanism: Impairment of Na+ uptake, active transport of Cl- into the gut lumen, K+ , HCO3- and water follow back into the gut Distension of gut wall causes contractions Constipation Causes: 1. Low fiber food 2. Lack of exercise 3. Inadequate fluid intake 4. Drugs that decrease gut motility 5. Chronic use of laxatives Hemorrhoids Causes: 1. all factors that cause constipation 2. pregnancy Essential components of diet 1. Energy (homeostasis in body weight) 2. Water (homeostasis in body water content) 3. Ions (homeostasis in ionic content) 4. Vitamins 5. Essential fatty acids 6. Essential amino acids Regulation of food intake Long-term (regulation of body energy content) Fat cell size--hypothalamus-- food intake ?Fat cell size -- ? leptin -- hypothalamus -- sti

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