Enlightenment Literature Faulkner University启蒙文学福克纳大学.pptVIP

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Enlightenment Literature Faulkner University启蒙文学福克纳大学.ppt

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Enlightenment Literature 24 January 2008 Enlightenment Review Erosion of traditional authority Revelation (Bible) Classical texts Aristocracy New authority is human reason Philosophes—anti-nobility, anti-church Religion (deism) Political theory (social contract) Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Irish clergyman Pessimist, challenged Enlightenement confidence Bitter satires “A Modest Proposal” (1729) Gulliver’s Travels (1726) In four parts Narrator becomes a misanthrope Economics—A New Science Background of mercantilism “Political Economy”—relation of study to State policy French economists: “physiocrats” Drew on thought of late Scholastic philosophers Argued against anti-farm policies of French government Wanted more a of a free market Adam Smith (1723-1790) Part of Scottish Enlightenment Wealth of Nations (1776) Division of labor Private vice is public gain? “Invisible hand” of the marketplace A New Philosophy of History Skepticism toward ancient sources Don’t trust the narrative Seek for internal “clues” to learn more about authors and their times Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) and Philosophy of History Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) and The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Views of Language Impulse to catalogue and analyze Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and the Encyclopedie Claimed to be sum of all human knowledge Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) Most celebrated English literary figure of his day Famous quotations (many from Boswell) Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Voltaire (1694-1778) Most famous philosophe Diehard skeptic, enemy of Christianity Praised English constitutionalism Satire: Candide (1759) * “Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel. “Sir, a womans preaching is like a dogs walking on his hind legs. It is not done well; but you are surprised to find it done at all. On second marriages: The triumph of hope over experience. No people can be great who have ceased to be virtuous. No man will be a sailor who has contrivance enough to get himself into ja