高中英语学习细节（人教版必修2）之Computers：（Computers）语法突破 Word版含答案.docVIP

现在完成时的被动语态 1. 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果 The door has been locked.??门被锁了。 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在并可能持续下去,常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用或用于How long...?句型中 The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 这个重要的问题已经被讨论了将近两周了。 How long has the machine been used? 这台机器用了多久了？ 3. 现在完成时的标志recently /already/yet for+一段时间/since+时间点 4. 现在完成时的被动语态：has/have been done He has been sent to study the new technology in the company. 否定句He has not been sent to study the new technology in the company. 一般疑问句Has he been sent to study the new technology in the company? 特殊疑问句Where has he been sent to study the new technology? How many shopping centers have been built in this city? 1. 现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词have/has和been两者缺一不可。 2. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系 The bridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。The bridge has been built. 这桥已经建好了。 名词性从句 1表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。引导表语从句的连接词有：thatwhether，as if（仿佛）；连接代词有whowhose，what，which，连接副词有whenwhere，how，why等。另外as和because也可引导表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+从句。 常见的表语从句的句型This is because…，The reason for …(why) is that…，He\ She looks as if …，The trouble\problem is that...。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实上我们已经输了这场比赛。 His suggestion is that no one (should) be allowed to smoke in the office. 他的建议是办公室不许吸烟 Her trouble is that she doesn’t know how to improve her teaching work. 他的苦恼是不知道怎样来改进教学工作。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 他迟到的原因是因早上差一分钟没赶上火车。 2名词性从句用作宾语叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；但从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海We must never think (that) we are good in every thing while others ar