专业英语 第四章第一篇.docVIP

Building Construction (建筑施工) Procedures for Cut-and-Fill Work Similar to the use of the end-area method for determining the cut-and-fill work for heavy and highway construction is the use of the four-point method for building construction. To illustrate the use of this method,let us consider the plot plan for a proposed building and site as shown in Fig.4-1. The existing contour lines in this figure differ from the proposed contour lines—that is, some of the existing land will have to be cut and/or filled to the proposed elevations. 填方与挖方工作程序 类似于使用底面积法，用于确定重型和公路施工的切割和填充工作是使用的四点方法的建筑施工。为了说明这种方法的使用，让我们考虑了建筑与场地如图4-1总图。这一数字中的轮廓线与拟议的轮廓线不同，一些现有的土地将不得不被切割和/或填充到拟议的海拔高度。 The first step in determining the cubic yards of cut and fill work is for the estimator to draw a grid otf the drawing .shown, in Fig. 4-1.This procedure is illustrated in Fig. 4-2. In effect, the grid break down -the entire site plan requiring various cuts and fills into smaller grids or pieces of the overall drawing, each requiring an amount of cut-and-fill work. 在确定切割立方码的第一步，填写工作是估计绘制网格OTF图。所示，图4-1.这个程序图4-2所示。在效果上，网格分解-整个网站计划需要不同的削减，并填充到较小的网格或整体图纸，每一个需要一个数量的削减和填补工作。 The grids shown are equal on all four sides—that is, they are squares. The size of the grids is left to the discretion of the estimator. However, the size should be drawn with the objective of having the corner of the grids somewhat intersect adjacent contour lines. If the grids are too large, the subsequent calculation process will be inaccurate because their comers may overlap too many contour lines. On the other hand, if the grids are too small, too many comers will fall between adjacent contour lines and the estimator will have to make too many approximations,the result being wasted take-off time and detail relative to the accuracy attained. 所示的网格是相等的所有四个边，他们是正方形。网格的大小是左的估计量的自由裁量权的。然而，尺寸应绘制的目标的网格有点相交相邻的轮廓线的角落。如果网格太大，后续的计算过程将是不准确的因为他们的员工可以重叠太多轮廓线。另一方面，如果网格太小，太多的人将相邻轮廓线和估计之间会有太多的近似，结果被浪费