【牛津译林版】（江苏专用）2012届高三英语一轮复习精品学案：语法部分 第6讲 情态动词和虚拟语气.docVIP

第6讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（要点透析）情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。 一、 情态动词的基本用法 (一) can, could的用法 1．表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。 Her mother can speak French. He could read books in English when he was only five. 2．表示客观的可能性。 Anybody can make mistakes. Man can not live without air. 3．表示请求建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉。(回答用原形) Could you wait a few days for the money? Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 4．表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气。 Could/Can I borrow your reference books? You can smoke in the entrance hall. 【疑难点击】 1. 否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。 Can it be true? You cant be serious! Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 2. 表示“经过努力后终于能……”用be able to。 They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters. 【疑难点击】 3. 惯用形式“can not (cant)…too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”，用来加强语气。can not but do sth. 不得不；只好。 You can not be too careful. I couldnt but choose to wait. (二) may, might的用法 1. 表示允许、请求。 Might I…？ 比 May I…？ 语气更为委婉和有礼貌。 — May I ask you a question? — Yes, please. — May I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you may.或No, you may not/ Youd better not./ You mustnt.(强烈的禁止语气) 2. 表示可能性，表示“或许”，“大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may语气更加不肯定。 He may be very busy these days. He might come tomorrow. 【疑难点击】 1. may, might用于目的状语从句中，含“为了……”或“以便……”之意。 Study hard that you may work better in the future. They set out early so that they might arrive in time. 2. 惯用形式 may (might)as well＋动词原形：不妨做…… If that is the case, we may as well try. Now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind. 【疑难点击】 3. 表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋……！ May you succeed! May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! (三)must，have to的用法 1. must 表示“必须”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)，表示“禁止”，“不准”。 Everybody must obey the rules. You mustnt speak like that to your mother. — Must I be home before eight oclock? — Yes, you must. / — No, you neednt./No, you don