Optical Mineralogy CLAS Users光性矿物学分类用户.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Refracted light Angle of incidence ≠ angle of refraction Angle of refraction depends on specific property, Index of refraction, n n = Vv/Vm Vv = velocity in a vacuum (maximum) Vm = velocity in material Note – n is always 1 Big N means slow v Little n means fast v Angle of refraction given by Snell’s law n=low, fast v N=big, slow v Wave normal Snell’s law works for isotropic and anisotropic material if: ? are angles between normals to boundary Direction is wave normal, not ray path Measuring n important diagnostic tool Not completely diagnostic, may vary within minerals More than one mineral may have same n n can’t be measured in thin section, but can be estimated P. 306 – olivine information Indices of refraction { } Optical properties Critical Angle - CA A special case of Snell’s law Light going from low to high index material (fast to slow, e.g. air to mineral) Can always be refracted Angle of refraction is smaller than angle of incidence Light going from high to low index material May not always be refracted Light is refracted toward the high n material At some critical angle of incidence, the light will travel along the interface If angle of incidence is CA, then total internal reflection CA can be derived from Snell’s law Fig. 7-7 High index to low index material: light cannot pass through boundary if angle of incidence CA Critical angle is when angle of refraction = 90o All internal reflection N = high n = low Dispersion Material not always constant index of refraction n = f(l) Normal dispersion, within same material: n higher for short wavelengths (blue) n lower for long wavelengths (red) Fig. 7-8 Because of dispersion, important to determine n for particular wavelength Typically n given for l = 486, 589, and 656 nm Common wavelengths for sunlight * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Optical Mineralogy Technique utilizing interaction of polarized light with minerals Uses a polarizing microscope Oils - Grain mount