PY3090 Preparation of Materials Lecture 1py3090材料讲座1的制备.pptVIP

Diffusion Mechanisms Diffusion Mechanisms Interstitial diffusion – smaller atoms can diffuse between atoms. Carburising of steel Carburising of steel Example: Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Methylene chloride is a common ingredient of paint removers. Besides being an irritant, it also may be absorbed through skin. When using this paint remover, protective gloves should be worn. If butyl rubber gloves (0.04 cm thick) are used, what is the diffusive flux of methylene chloride through the glove? Data: diffusion coefficient in butyl rubber:  D = 110 x10-8 cm2/s surface concentrations: Diffusion and Temperature Diffusion and Temperature Non-steady State Diffusion The concentration of diffusing species is a function of both time and position C = C(x,t) In this case Fick’s Second Law is used Non-steady State Diffusion Non-steady State Diffusion Sample Problem: An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere that gives a surface carbon concentration constant at 1.0 wt%. If after 49.5 h the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 4.0 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. * Interdiffusion: In an alloy, atoms tend to migrate from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. Initially Diffusion After some time ? Self-diffusion: In an elemental solid, atoms also migrate. Label some atoms After some time Diffusion A B C D A B C D Vacancy Diffusion: ? atoms exchange with vacancies ? applies to substitutional impurities atoms ? rate depends on: --number of vacancies --activation energy to exchange. increasing elapsed time More rapid than vacancy diffusion ? Case Hardening: --Diffuse carbon atoms into the host iron atoms at the surface. --Example of interstitial diffusion is a case hardened gear. ? Result: The presence of C atoms mak