Puzzles and Patterns in 50 years of Research on Speech50年来语音研究的困惑与模式.pptVIP

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Puzzles and Patterns in 50 years of Research on Speech50年来语音研究的困惑与模式.ppt

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Puzzles and Patterns in 50 years of Research on Speech50年来语音研究的困惑与模式

Puzzles and Patternsin 50 years of Research on Speech Perception Sarah Hawkins University of Cambridge sh110@cam.ac.uk Three periods 1950-1965 Broad-based exploration 1965-1990s Narrowed to focus on thesearch for invariance in the relationship between speech signal and its percept: THEORY 1995…. This focus is broadening again to include ‘discrepant’ data new understanding which requires changes in conceptualization of task goals processes involved The Main Message Speech perception is at an exciting stage: we are beginning to integrate areas of old research with the mainstream theoretical work of the last 30 years or so A paradigm shift? Early work Glorious Discovery Early work often looked at effects on the whole signal but as puzzles arose, and we looked more closely, then attention became focused on small domains in an effort both to simplify and to clarify Early work: source separation Cocktail party effect / multi-talker perception Cherry (1953) continuous natural speech, with different types of content, presented in different ways a huge wealth of observations relevant to memory attention transitional probabilities speaker vs message Early work: source separation Cocktail party effect / multi-talker perception Broadbent Ladefoged (1957) separate synthetic formants fuse to sound like a single vowel when presented to the same or different ears, only if they have the same f0 compared ‘natural’ and ‘sustained’ formants extensions to theories of hearing (e.g. Licklider) Early work: source integration Sumby Pollack (1954) Especially in high levels of noise: audiovisual presentation increases intelligibility (visual contribution is relative to the available auditory contribution) Early work: source integration Sumby Pollack (1954) Especially in high levels of noise: audiovisual presentation increases intelligibility (visual contribution is relative to the available auditory contribution) in auditory-only presentations, polysyllables are more intell