Reaction and Retreat Routledge反应和撤退劳特利奇.pptVIP

Reaction and Retreat Chapter 13 Prohibition Alcohol Prohibition, a movement echoing the earlier temperance reform movements of the 19th century, enabled women to increase the scope of their roles and simultaneously address the white Protestant fears of the growing immigrant population Drunkenness became a characteristic ascribed to Catholics, Jews, Irish, etc…, reflecting both the religious and ethnic overtones of Prohibition Banning alcohol was a means of assimilating “the other” to America The Eighteenth Amendment was passed in 1919; in this sense Prohibition was successful, however it also spurred an underground crime network in response to the dry nation The 21st Amendment ended Prohibition in 1933 Restricting Immigration In 1924, Congress enacted a “quota system” for immigration which “limited the number from any individual country” based on the percentage of immigrants currently inhabiting America; this privileged northern and western European countries and restricted most others This political move reflected the mounting fear over the increasing pluralism being brought in by foreign countrymen and women; in 1965 the restrictions would be lifted Problems for Jews and Catholics Anti-semitism was experiencing a surge The trial of Leo Frank (accused of murdering a Christian woman) “fueled a growing backlash against Jewish Americans” when he was found guilty after a mockery of a trial (191) Henry Ford sponsored the publication of Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which described the Jewish economic conspiracy to take over the world Protestants were suspicious of Catholics, particularly following WWI (many Germans were Catholics) The 1928 election of Catholic governor Al Smith (NY) was vilified for his support of the eradication of Prohibition, seen as an infiltration of Catholic values However, what this anti-Jewish and anti-Catholic response really shows is how firmly embedded Judaism and Catholicism were in American society Institutionalized Intolerance The Ku