REFINEMENT OF STEEL FROM ORE Clarkson University克拉克森大学矿钢的细化.pptVIP

ISSUES TO ADDRESS... ? What are the common fabrication techniques for metals? How do the properties vary throughout a piece of metal that has been quenched? How can properties be modified by a post heat treatment? How is the processing of ceramics different than for metals? 1 SYNTHESIS, FABRICATION, AND PROCESSING OF MATERIALS 2 REFINEMENT OF STEEL FROM ORE 3 ? Forging (wrenches, crankshafts) FORMING ? Drawing (rods, wire, tubing) often at elev. T ? Rolling (I-beams, rails) ? Extrusion (rods, tubing) Adapted from Fig. 11.7, Callister 6e. METAL FABRICATION METHODS-I 7 ? Hot working --recrystallization --less energy to deform --oxidation: poor finish --lower strength ? Cold working --recrystallization --less energy to deform --oxidation: poor finish --lower strength ? Cold worked microstructures --generally are very anisotropic! --Forged --Fracture resistant! Reprinted w/ permission from R.W. Hertzberg, Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, (4th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1996. (a) Fig. 10.5, p. 410 (micrograph courtesy of G. Vander Voort, Car Tech Corp.); (b) Fig. 10.6(b), p. 411 (Orig. source: J.F. Peck and D.A. Thomas, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 1961, p. 1240); (c) Fig. 10.10, p. 415 (Orig. source: A.J. McEvily, Jr. and R.H. Bush, Trans. ASM 55, 1962, p. 654.) (a) (b) (c) --Swaged FORMING TEMPERATURE plaster die formed around wax prototype 5 CASTING ? Sand Casting (large parts, e.g., auto engine blocks) ? Investment Casting (low volume, complex shapes e.g., jewelry, turbine blades) ? Die Casting (high volume, low T alloys) ? Continuous Casting (simple slab shapes) METAL FABRICATION METHODS-II 6 JOINING ? Powder Processing (materials w/low ductility) ? Welding (when one large part is impractical) ? Heat affected zone: (region in which the microstructure has been changed). Adapted from Fig. 11.8, Callis