Regulating the Internal Environment调节内部环境.pptVIP

Thermoregulation Learning Objectives 2/13/08 Distinguish between the thermoregulators classified as endotherms and ectotherms, homeotherms, heterotherms, and poikilotherms Describe the adaptive advantage(s) of endothermy Discuss the 4 mechanisms utilized by land homeotherms to balance their heat budget Discuss the roles of the hypothalamus in vertebrate temperature regulation Compare and contrast some of the physiological mechanisms involved in acclimatization to new temperature ranges Clarification on terms… Ectotherm (ecto = “outside”) - An animal that derives body temperature from an external heat source. Endotherm (endo = “inside”) - An animal that derives body temperature from internal heat production. Note: These terms relate to the source of body heat, not whether the animals are capable of regulating body temperature. Why is body temperature homeostasis important? What must be true in order for an endotherm to maintain temperature homeostasis? Poikilotherm (poikilo =“varied”) - body temperature approximates the ambient temperature. Not capable of controlling body temperature as ambient temperature varies. What is the adaptive advantage here? Heterotherm (hetero = “different”) - regulates body temperature when active, but allows body temperature to fluctuate with the environment when inactive. Homeotherm (homeo = “same”) - controls body temperature, keeping it relatively constant as ambient temperature varies. These terms relate to whether or not the animal is capable of controlling body temperature. Describe the advantage to temperature homeostasis from the fact that animal bodies are made mostly of water. See Fig. 41.15 Heat Exchange Between an Animal and its Environment Body Temperature Regulation: Endotherm vs. Ectotherm What anatomical physiological characteristics are common among endotherms? What other organ systems are commonly well developed in endotherms? Are all ectothermic animals correctly described as “conformers”? Illustrate yo