The French Revolution and Napoleon法国大革命和拿破仑.pptVIP

The French Revolution and Napoleon 1789-1815 Ancient Regime First Estate Clergy w/ enormous wealth and privilege Owned 10% of land Collected 10% tithe Paid zero taxes Many at the top lived like nobles Parish priests were as poor as their congregations Less than 1% of population Ancient Regime Ancient Regime Second Estate Titled nobility Top jobs in govt., army, and the courts Owned 20% of the land Paid no taxes 2% of the population Ancient Regime Ancient Regime Third Estate Included bourgeoisie, had money but lacked privileges Mostly rural peasants Poorest were urban workers Paid 50% of income in taxes 98% of population Ancient Regime Causes of the F.R. Ancient Regime’s Inequities Soaring National Debt Costly Foreign Wars Enlightenment Ideas Example set by American Revolution Causes of the F.R. Louis XVI Summons the Estates-General – May 1789 Estates asked to prepare cahiers / grievance notebooks Asked for Fairer taxes Freedom of the press Regular meetings of the Estates-General Meeting of the Estates General Third Estate delegates elected by propertied men Delegates were mostly members of the bourgeoisie Familiar with Enlightenment writings Came to Versailles seeking solution to financial crisis and reform Met in separate halls to vote and always voted 2-1 against the Third Estate Could not agree on voting Third Estate insisted they meet together and give each delegate 1 vote Estates-General Abbe Sieyes, Clergyman Sympathetic to Third Estate Asked, “What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been up to now in the political system? Nothing. What does it demand? To become something herein.” Abbe Sieyes Abbe Sieyes, Clergyman Encouraged Third Estate to name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people. June 17, 1989 Voted unanimously in favor of establishing the National Assembly. Went to meeting room three days later and door was locked. Broke into indoor Tennis Court and pledged…. Tennis Court Oath – June