2-名词语法易错知识点.docxVIP

一、 名词主要考点：1．特殊名词的单复数 ： 2．与名词相关的主谓一致关系,： 二、 关于特殊名词的具体考点如下：1．容易误用为复数的不可数名词：(这些名词一般不能用作复数，谓语动词用单数)advice 建议，忠告 living 生活，生计equipment 装备，设备 progress 前进，发展furniture 家具，设备 scenery 风景，景色information 通知；信息 weather 天气，处境knowledge 知识，学问 traffic 交通流量baggage / luggage 行李，皮箱 trouble 烦恼，麻烦cash 现金 thunder 雷声，轰隆声clothing 衣服 work 工作，劳动paper 纸，钞票 luck 运气，幸运technology 工艺，技术 jewelry 珠宝2． 复数形式的名词用于单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)economics 经济学 measles 麻疹?physics 物理学 mumps 腮腺炎mathematics 数学 rickets 软骨病，佝偻病dynamics 动力学 news 新闻the united states 美国 the new york times 纽约时报三、主谓一致关系英语中，主语和谓语在数、性和格上应该保持一致，但在实际应用中很容易被忽视，尤其是主语和谓语之间出现插入语，故考试中经常考到主谓一致。除了以上特殊名词谓语有特殊要求外，现将主谓一致的考点归纳如下：1． 复数原则：两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接作主语时；主语由both … and … 连接时，谓语动词用复数。baseball and swimming are usually summer sports.both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那个杂货店既卖面包，也卖黄油。2． 就近原则： 由 either … or … ; neither … nor …; not only…but also…; …or …； there be …等引导的主语， 谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的名词的单复数。not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.3． 就远原则：主语，＋ as well as +另一个主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于第一个主语的名词的单复数。my mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.我母亲，还有我的两个哥哥都有一把办公室的钥匙。同例：with…; together with…; along with…; including…; in addition to…; besides …; except…; as much as…; accompanied by …; rather than…等等4． 表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。one hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor .twenty days have passed since i met her last time.?自从我上次见到她到现在已经过去二十天。 ( twenty days 这里不作整体看待， 故谓语动词用复数。)5． and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时，谓语用单数; 若表示的是多个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。war and peace is a constant theme in literature.战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(war and peace是一对概念，看作一个主题)同例： love and hate egg and rice 蛋炒饭 the writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指同一个人) the writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指两个人)a black and a white dog are playing in the yard. (指两只狗)a black and white dog is playing in the yard. ( 指一只狗)6．动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时+单数谓语 early to bed and early to rise makes one