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The copyist model and the shaping view of reinforcement.pdf

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The copyist model and the shaping view of reinforcement.pdf

Behavioural Processes 114 (2015) 72–77 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Processes journal homepage: /locate/behavproc The copyist model and the shaping view of reinforcement Takayuki Tanno a,?, Alan Silberberg b, Takayuki Sakagami c a Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Kamekubo 1196, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356-8533, Japan b Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA c Department of Psychology, Keio University, Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan article info Article history: Available online 14 March 2015 Keywords: Strengthening view Shaping view Variable ratio Variable interval Concurrent schedule Copyist model abstract The strengthening view of reinforcement attributes behavior change to changes in the response strength or the value of the reinforcer. In contrast, the shaping view explains behavior change as shaping different response units through differential reinforcement. In this paper, we evaluate how well these two views explain: (1) the response-rate difference between variable-ratio and variable-interval schedules that provide the same reinforcement rate; and (2) the phenomenon of matching in choice. The copyist model (Tanno and Silberberg, 2012) – a shaping-view account – can provided accurate predictions of these phenomena without a strengthening mechanism; however, the model has limitations. It cannot explain the relation between behavior change and stimulus control, reinforcer amount, and reinforcer quality. These relations seem easily explained by a strengthening view. Future work should be directed at a model which combine the strengths of these two types of accounts. ? 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In Principles of Psychology, Keller and Shoenfeld (1950) noted operant conditioning is “merely the strengthening of a re?ex that already exists in the organism’s repertory” (p. 48). This observation suggests that they view