新型羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素肥料的研究+.pdf

新型羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素肥料的研究 陈华艳，黄绵延，王宇新 （天津大学化工学院 化学工程研究所 化学工程联合国家重点实验室 天津 300072 ） 摘要：利用氧化后的羊毛角蛋白粉末作为载体制备了缓释尿素肥料。用土柱淋溶实验考察了模压压强、模压 温度、尿素含量、角蛋白氧化时间和尿素颗粒尺度对羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素肥料淋溶速率的影响，并与商 业化的缓释肥料Luxecote 和SCU 做了对比。实验结果表明，淋溶 10 次后羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素的累积淋 出分率在22%-62%之间，与Luxecote 和SCU 的淋溶10 次的累积淋出分率41.28%和 18.01%接近。且淋溶实 验表明随模压压强的增大，尿素的淋出速率显著降低。随模压温度的升高，尿素淋出速率稍有降低。随缓释 肥料中尿素含量的增大，其淋出速率明显升高。角蛋白的氧化时间越长以及尿素颗粒越大，尿素的淋出速率 越高。 关键词：角蛋白、羊毛、尿素、缓释肥料 Novel Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer with Wool Keratin Carrier CHEN Hua-yan, HUANG Mian-yan, WANG Yu-xin (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China) Abstract: Slow-release fertilizer with wool keratin carrier was prepared. The effects of moulding pressure, temperature, urea content, oxidation time of keratin and urea granules dimension on urea leaching rate ware investigated by means of soil column eluviation experiment. The cumulative leaching ratio of keratin carrier slow-release fertilizer is between 22%-61%, which is comparable to that of commercial slow-release fertilizer Luxecote and SCU. The experiment results also show that urea leaching ratio decreases dramatically with increasing moulding pressure. Higher temperature lead to a little decrease of the leaching ratio. With the increase of urea content, the leaching rate increases. Longer oxidation time of wool and smaller urea granules result in less leaching rate. Keywords: Keratin, Wool, Urea, Slow-release fertilizer 收稿日期：2006-8-21 作者简介：陈华艳，1978，博士研究生，chenhuayan@ 中国是农业大国，也是一个化肥消耗大国。在化肥的消耗量中，氮肥超过了 73%，尿素 又是氮肥中最重要的一种。目前我国化肥的利用率较低，一般只有 35%左右[1-3] 。低利用率不