li_chapter6.pptVIP

Types of External Memory Magnetic Disk Hard disk floppy disk RAID (redundant array of independent Disks) Removable Optical CD-ROM CD-Writable (WORM) CD-R/W DVD：digital video disk Magnetic Tape 6.1 Magnetic Disk Metal or plastic disk coated with magnetizable material (iron oxide…rust) Record data according to polarity Head: conducting coil While Reading/writing, head is fixed, disk rotates Substrate used to be aluminium Now glass Improved surface uniformity Increases reliability Reduction in surface defects Reduced read/write errors Lower flight heights (See later) Better stiffness Better shock/damage resistance Read and Write Mechanisms Recording retrieval via conductive coil called a head May be single read/write head or separate ones During read/write, head is stationary, platter rotates Write: electricity flowing through a coil produces magnetic field Current through coil produces magnetic field Positive and negative current gives different pulse signal to produce different magnetic area on the disk, representing 0 or 1 respectively. Pulses sent to head Magnetic pattern recorded on surface below Read (traditional) Magnetic field moving relative to coil produces current Different polarity produces the current with different direction Coil is the same for read and write Read (contemporary) Separate read head, close to write head Partially shielded magneto resistive (MR) sensor Electrical resistance depends on direction of magnetic field High frequency operation Higher storage density and speed Inductive Write MR Read Types of Disk Range of packaging Floppy hard disk Removable hard disk Data Organization and Formatting Concentric rings or tracks A ring is a track, each track is the same width as the head Gaps between tracks, prevent data interference Reduce gap to increase capacity Same number of bits per track (variable packing density) Simplify circuit Data density increases gradually from outer to inner Constant angular velocity Tracks divided into sectors