5非谓语动词.docVIP

非谓语动词分为三种形式不定式， 1.非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语（主语）补足语 定语 插入语（独立成分） V-ing形式 现在分词 ● ● ● ● 动名词 ● ● ● ● 不定式（to do） ● ● ● ● ● ● 过去分词（done） ● ● ● ● 注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的非谓语 形式 构成 时态 语态 复合结构 否定式 主动 被动 不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never 进行式 to have done to have been done 完成式 to be doing / 完成 进行式 to have been doing / 动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 现在 分词 与动名词变化形式相同 在前加not 特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。 The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D weighing ②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B Give C. Given D. To give （二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点 1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语 ①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 it作形式主语使用动名词的句型 ①It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 ②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定 ①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. Ato sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。 ②It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration. A. accept