非谓语系列（一）.docVIP

非谓语系列（一） 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 非谓语动词有三大基本形式： 动词不定时：to be/do（表示将来的动作，动作的趋向） 动名词/动词现在分词：being/doing（表示主动，进行） 动词过去分词：been/done（表示被动，完成） 所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语补足语 定语 状语 V-ing形式 现在分词 △ △ △ △ 动名词 △ △ △ △ 不定式（to do） △ △ △ △ △ △ 过去分词(done) △ △ △ △ 非谓语 形式 构成 时态 语态 复合结构 否定式 主动 被动 不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成 进行式 to have been doing / 动名词/现在分词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done 在前加not 非谓语动词考点 辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词 1: Blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A: Giving B: Give C: Given D:To give 2:The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A: being weighed B: weighs C: weighed D: weighing 非谓语动词作主语和表语（不定式和动名词） 不定式作主语和表语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；动名词作主语和表语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。 如：◎ ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国卷) The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 如：◎ —What do you think made Mary so upset? — ________ her new bike. (上海卷) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing ◎ The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make ◎ Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________. (上海卷) he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure （注意：一句话中同时出现非谓语动词作主语和表语，非谓语形式要一致） 非谓语动词作表语 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。 The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。 【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等