基于种群分布地形格局的两种水青冈生态位比较研究.pdfVIP

植物生态学报 2001，25(4)3。2～308 ．4eta Phytoecologica Siniea 基于种群分布地形格局的两种水青冈 生态位比较研究 汔泽吴 方精云 t北真大学城市与环境科学系，北京大学地表过程分护 与模拄【教育部重点实验室，北囊 10,38 71) 摘 要 提出了根据不同植物种在地形梯度上的分布格局测度和比较其生态位的思路 将地形分解为海拔、坡向、 坡位和坡度 4个属性指标．作为多维生态位空间的环境梯度轴。根据对j：峡大老岭地区米心水青同(Fagus engger~ )和亮叶水青阿(F．1ucid )群落样方及其地形因子调查，分析了两个种的多维生态位宽度盟种间的生态位重叠= 结果 ：1)大老岭米心水青冈种群的生态位宽度总体上大于亮叶水青『《。亮叶水青冈在垃向梯度 的生态位较宽；米 心水青冈在海拔、坡位和坡度梯度上的生态位较宽；2)两十种在海拔、坡向、坡位和坡度梯度 上的生态垃重叠度分 别为0．259、0．831 0 670、0．676，其总体重叠度为 0．087}3)亮叶水青冈和米心水青冈分布的海拔范围分别为 1300 ～ g000m和 1450-2600m。米．U水青l刈主要分布于 Nwa0 ~NE80 之间的阴坡和半阴坡{亮叶水青 集中于 NW20。-SW1 0。和 NE20。~SE1C,。的半阴半附坡。亮叶水青阿不见于沟各底部，其重要值随坡位上升而增大；而 米心水青冈在湿调稳定的中、下坡位重要值最高。米 12承青冈适应的坡度范嗣很宽．主要在 2(] -40 ；而亮叶水青 冈集中在 35。～45。的坡度范围 上述结果表明：在景观尺度上．采用地形因子表征植物多维生态位空间的梯度特 征是 一个有效而可行的途径，能够很好地反映两种植物生态位的差异。最后讨论了不同尺度上生态位删度的相互 验证问题 关键词 水青冈 种群 地形格局 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 NICHE C0MPARIS0N 0F TW 0 FdG SPECIES BASED 0N THE T0P0GRAPHIC PATTERNS 0F THEIR P0PULATIoNS SHEN Ze—Hao and FANG Jing—Yun (Department of Urban and ER ? R Sc z~ace and L曲 v如r Earlh Su—ace P ㈣? f M啪∞ ， ofEducation PekingUmversizy．Be,j,ng 100871) Abstract A new approach for the measurement。f niche characteristics was employed which enables comparison be— tween different plant species according tO their distribution on a topographic gradient．Landform was analyzed with 4 attribute indices elevation，aspect．1ocation(position on slope)and slope which were then viewed 8S a multidimen sional environmental gradient．Using this model and the results of field sampling 0f Fagus engleriana and F．1ucida communities and the topography of their habitats，multi dimensional niche breadths and niche overlaps Were calculated for the two Fagus spp．The results suggest that：1)the integrated niche width of F．engleriana is larger than that of F．1uclda，the niche of F．1ucida is wider on the aspect gradient．but F．englerlana is more broadly distributed on ele vation，location and slope gradients；2)niche overlaps ofthetwo Fagus species are 0．259．0．831，0．670 and 0．676 on the elevation，aspect，location