虚拟语气精讲及专项练习详解.doc

虚拟语气 一、概念 [Subjunctive Mood] 中文译作虚拟语气。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。 二、语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反 If从句 主句 过去 Had done Would* have done 现在 Were/did Would* do 将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去] If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在] If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来] 备注： （1）上表中’would*’可因为句意的不同而用should、could、might。 （2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug. [与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反] (3) if可转换为其他形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去] （=可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …） Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] (= 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去] (= 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..) 2、wish结构 与..事实相反 过去 Had done 现在 Were/did 将来 Would+do 备注：可转换为其他形式。 例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去] I wish I were a bird. I wish he handn done that. I wish I would be rich in the future. 3、should结构 从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose,