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The Virtual Silk Highway a project to bridge the digital.pdf

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The Virtual Silk Highway a project to bridge the digital

PRESENTED AT VENICE IPSI CONFERENCE, JULY 2004 The Virtual Silk Highway: a project to bridge the digital divide M. Stella Atkins, Robert F. Janz, and Walter Kaffenberger Abstract—In June 2001 NATO agreed to fund a non-military project to bring Internet connectivity to the countries in the Southern Caucasus and Central Asia, using satellite dishes located at key academic institutions in each country. The Internet connection is hosted by a research facility DESY, based in Hamburg. The last connections were made to Ashgabat in Turkmenistan in August 2003. This “Virtual Silk Highway” project is ambitious, innovative and excit- ing, both technically and sociologically. We present the story of some of the issues, unexpected problems encoun- tered, and some of the surprise successes of this project to bridge the digital divide. . Index Terms—Internet, Internetworking, Global Development, Satellite 1 INTRODUCTION far-reaching decision by the Computer Networking Panel of the NATO Science Division [1] in June 2001, led to the development of the Virtual Silk Highway pro- ject [2] (a.k.a. “The Silk Project”) to digitally connect the countries along the ancient Silk Road; countries which have fallen behind the digital divide since they have achieved their independence after 1991. These 8 countries connected to the Internet via the Virtual Silk Highway are shown highlighted in bold on the map in Fig. 1: from West to East: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and the Kyrghyz Republic. The motivation for the NATO Science Programme [1] is that bringing scientists together for progress and peace may im- prove the world for all. The knowledge available on the Inter- net may help establish open and democratic societies in these countries, which were members of the former USSR, under Russian influence for more than 50 years. By providing the necessary (communicat