Tumor necrosis factor and cerebral ischemia.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 11 Tumor necrosis factor and cerebral ischemia Author: Yan-Lin Yang Ji-Biao Sui in the clouds [Keywords:] tumor necrosis factor-ischemic inflammatory response Tumor necrosis factor (TNF  α ) is a peptide with a wide range of biological functions of cytokines. Mainly by activated mononuclear macrophages produced cytokines, T cells, B cells, vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia cells and neurons and so is its secretory cells [1]. Under normal circumstances, it has anti-tumor, anti-infection and promote tissue repair such an important role in enabling the body. If the sustained-release, would cause the body fever, shock, cachexia, and tissue damage. It is not only mediated anti-tumor and regulate the body’s immune function of immune cells is an important factor, but also is an important inflammatory cytokines, in infectious diseases has an important role in the pathophysiology [2]. 1 TNF  α of the biological characteristics of TNF  α mainly by the activation of monocyte-macrophage cells, also known as the evil liquid quality (cachectin). TNF  α mainly by macrophages, monocytes produced peptide cytokines, the TNF of human mature 157 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17KD, in activated macrophages within the membrane-bound existence and make more use of the side autocrine secretion or release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce its formation of the powerful stimulant. To play a biological effect of TNF would be held with the target cells of TNF receptor (TNF  R) combination, TNF  α there are two kinds of receptors TNF  α R  P55 (TNFR1) and TNF  α R  P57 (TNFR2). TNF R1 control of TNF  α -mediated cell adhesion to endothelial cells, regulating control of nuclear transcription factor  κ B activity and intercellular adhesion molecule  1 (ICAM  1), E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule  1 (VCAM  1 ) expression. TNF  α very low concentrations, TNF  R2 through a combination of