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Earths Critical Zone and hydropedology concepts, characteristics, and advances.doc

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Earths Critical Zone and hydropedology concepts, characteristics, and advances

Hydrol.EarthSyst.Sci.Discuss.,6,3417–3481,2009 /6/3417/2009/ ?Author(s)2009.Thisworkisdistributedunder theCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0License. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences HESSD 6,3417–3481,2009 Discussions Earth’sCriticalZone andhydropedology PaperspublishedinHydrologyandEarthSystemSciencesDiscussionsareunder open-accessreviewforthejournalHydrologyandEarthSystemSciences H.S.Lin TitlePage Abstract Conclusions Tables Introduction References Figures Earth’sCriticalZoneandhydropedology: concepts,characteristics,andadvances H.S.Lin J J I I ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,DepartmentofCropandSoilSciences,116Agricultural SciencesandIndustryBuilding,UniversityPark,PA16802,USA Back Close Received:31March2009–Accepted:7April2009–Published:27April2009 Correspondenceto:H.S.Lin(henrylin@) FullScreen/Esc PublishedbyCopernicusPublicationsonbehalfoftheEuropeanGeosciencesUnion. Printer-friendlyVersion InteractiveDiscussion 3417 Abstract HESSD TheCriticalZone(CZ)isaholisticframeworkforintegratedstudiesofwaterwithsoil, rock, air, andbioticresourcesinterrestrialenvironments. Thisisconsistentwiththe recognitionofwaterasaunifyingthemeforresearchoncomplexenvironmentalsys- tems. TheCZrangesfromthetopofthevegetationdowntothebottomoftheaquifer, withahighlyvariablethickness(from0.001to10km).Thepedosphereisthefoun- dationoftheCZ,whichrepresentsageomembranceacrosswhichwaterandsolutes, as well as energy, gases, solids, and organisms are actively exchanged with the at- mosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere to create a life-sustaining envi- 6,3417–3481,2009 Earth’sCriticalZone andhydropedology 5 H.S.Lin 10 ronment. Hydropedology–thescienceofthebehaviouranddistributionofsoil-water interactionsincontactwithmineralandbiologicalmaterialsintheCZ–isanimportant contributor to CZ research. This article reviews and discusses the basic ideas and fundamental features of the CZ and hydropedology, and suggests ways for their ad- vances. An“outward”growthmodel,insteadofan“inward”cont