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Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux英文文献资料.doc

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Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinUrology Volume2008,ArticleID825475,6pages doi:10.1155/2008/825475 ReviewArticle AntibioticProphylaxisintheManagementof VesicoureteralRe?ux MarcCendron DepartmentofPediatricUrology,Children’sHospital,HarvardSchoolofMedicine,300LongwoodAvenue,Boston,MA02115,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMarcCendron,marc.cendron@ Received17April2008;Accepted13August2008 RecommendedbyWalidA.Farhat Antibioticprophylaxishasbeen,since1960s,oneofthemanagementoptionsintreatingvesicoureteralre?ux.Thepurposeofthis reviewarticleistoprovideaconciseoverviewoftherationalforantiobioticprophylaxisandtodiscussthevariousagentsused. Someofthecurrentcontroversiesregardinguseofantibioticsforre?uxwillalsobepresented. Copyright?2008MarcCendron.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. 1. INTRODUCTION for pyelonephritis from the classic studies carried out by Hutch,whoin1952,studiedagroupofparaplegicpatients diagnosedwithneurogenicdysfunctionofthebladderand VUR.Re?uxofinfectedurineintotheupperurinarytract was postulated to be the cause of chronic and progres- sive renal damage [10]. Later, in 1959, Hodson observed that re?ux seemed to be more common in children with urinary tract infections and that there was a correlation between re?ux and chronic pyelonephritis as documented byVCUG(voidingcystourethrogram)andIVU(intravenous urogram) [11]. As the association between VUR and uri- nary tract infection became more established, additional experimental studies demonstrated the role of bacterial infectionincausingrenaldamageinpatientsfoundtohave VUR[12–14]. Historically, the initial approach to treating patients withre?uxwasobservationalwithoutcontinuousantibiotic. Treatmentwaso?eredonlyasinfectionsoccurred.Unfortu- natelythisapproachdemonstratedthatrenaldamagecould occurinpatientswhohadhadonlyoneinfectionandthat furtherre