Aromatase Activity and Bone Loss in Men英文文献资料.docVIP

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch JournalofOsteoporosis Volume2011,ArticleID230671,11pages doi:10.4061/2011/230671 ReviewArticle AromataseActivityandBoneLossinMen DanielaMerlotti,LuigiGennari,KonstantinosStolakis,andRanuccioNuti DepartmentofInternalMedicine,Endocrine-MetabolicSciencesandBiochemistry,VialeBracci1,53100Siena,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDanielaMerlotti,merlotti4@unisi.it Received1March2011;Accepted20April2011 AcademicEditor:PawelSzulc Copyright?2011DanielaMerlottietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Aromatase is a speci?c component of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system responsible for the transformation of androgen precursorsintoestrogens.ThisenzymeisencodedbytheCYP19A1genelocatedatchromosome15q21.2,thatis,expressedin ovary and testis, but also in many extraglandular sites such as the placenta, brain, adipose tissue, and bone. The activity of aromataseregulatestheconcentrationsofestrogenswithendocrine,paracrine,andautocrinee?ectsontargetissuesincluding bone. Importantly, extraglandular aromatization of circulating androgen precursors is the major source of estrogen in men. Clinicalandexperimentalevidencesclearlyindicatethataromataseactivityandestrogenproductionarenecessaryforlongitudinal bonegrowth,theattainmentofpeakbonemass,pubertalgrowthspurt,epiphysealclosure,andnormalboneremodelinginyoung individuals.Moreover,withaging,individualdi?erencesinaromataseactivitymaysigni?cantlya?ectbonelossandfracturerisk inmen. 1.Background the hypothesis of a threshold estradiol level for skeletal su?ciency in the male [1–4]. In fact, either in cross- sectionalorlongitudinalanalysisinagingmenbonemineral density (BMD) and rates of bone loss at di?erent skeletal siteswereunrelatedtoserumestradiolconcentrationswhen the latter were above the median value, while they were clearlyassociatedwithestradi