Bartonella Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts Immunology of Vascular Infection and Vasoproliferation英文文献资料.docVIP

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Bartonella Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts Immunology of Vascular Infection and Vasoproliferation英文文献资料.doc

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Bartonella Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts Immunology of Vascular Infection and Vasoproliferation英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation ClinicalandDevelopmentalImmunology Volume2012,ArticleID612809,5pages doi:10.1155/2012/612809 ReviewArticle BartonellaInfectioninImmunocompromisedHosts: ImmunologyofVascularInfectionandVasoproliferation MosepeleMosepele,DanaMazo,andJenniferCohn DepartmentofMedicine,HospitaloftheUniversityofPennsylvania,100Centrex,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMosepeleMosepele,mosepele.mosepele@ Received15July2011;Revised27September2011;Accepted29September2011 AcademicEditor:GeorgiosPappas Copyright?2012MosepeleMosepeleetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Most infections by genus Bartonella in immunocompromised patients are caused by B. henselae and B. quintana . Unlike immunocompetenthostswhousuallydevelopmilderdiseasessuchascatscratchdiseaseandtrenchfever,immunocompromised patients,includingthoselivingwithHIV/AIDSandposttransplantpatients,aremorelikelytodevelopdi?erentandseverelife- threateningdisease.ThispaperwilldiscussBartonella’smanifestationsinimmunosuppressedpatientsandwillexamineBartonella’s interactionwith theimmunesystemincludingitsmechanismsofestablishinginfectionandimmuneescape.Gapsincurrent understandingoftheimmunologyofBartonellainfectioninimmunocompromisedhostswillbehighlighted. 1.Introduction reservoirforbothB.quintanaandB.bacilliformishavenot yetbeenidenti?ed.WhileB.bacilliformisistransmittedby thesand?yandthemajorvectorforBquintanaisthehuman bodylouse,Bquintanahasalsobeenfoundinrodent?eas, includingrat?eas,andthusapotentialforarodentvector hasbeenhypothesized[6,7]. B.henselaeoccursthroughouttheworld.Itisazoonosis transmitted from the natural reservoir, cats (Felis catus), usuallyviacatscratchorbiteandlesscommonlybyavector such as cat ?eas (Ctenocephalides felis) or ticks [8]. Cross- sectionalstudieshavereportedasmuchas81%seropositivity pointprevalenceamon