Behavior of the Trinomial Arcs when英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofMathematicsandMathematicalSciences Volume2007,ArticleID91535,8pages doi:10.1155/2007/91535 ResearchArticle BehavioroftheTrinomialArcsB(n,k,r)When0α1 KaoutarLamriniUahabiandMohammedZaoui Received12April2007;Revised14July2007;Accepted12August2007 RecommendedbyTeodorBulboaca WedealwiththefamilyB(n,k,r)oftrinomial arcsde?nedasthesetofrootsofthetri- nomialequationzn=αzk+(1?α),wherez=ρeiθisacomplexnumber,nandkaretwo integerssuchthat0kn,andαisarealnumberbetween0and1.ThesearcsB(n,k,r) arecontinuousarcsinsidetheunitdisk,expressedinpolarcoordinates(ρ,θ).Theques- tionistoprovethatρ(θ)isadecreasingfunction,foreachtrinomialarcB(n,k,r). Copyright?2007K.L.UahabiandM.Zaoui. This isanopen accessarticle distributed undertheCreativeCommons Attribution License,whichpermits unrestricted use,dis- tribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. 1.Introduction Considerthetrinomialequation zn= αzk+(1?α), (1.1) wherezisacomplexnumber,nandkaretwointegerssuchthatk=1,2,...,n?1,and αisarealnumber.The?rstdiscussion ofthebehavior oftherootsoftrinomial equa- tionswasinFell[1].Shepresentedadescription ofthetrajectories oftheseroots,called trinomial arcs.Thesearcscanbeexpressedinpolarcoordinates(ρ,θ)byafunctionρ(θ) andarecontinuousinfunctionsofαasαvariesbetween0and1,orbetween1and+∞, orbetween ?∞and0.Fell[1]alsostudied themonotonicity ofthefunction α(θ )and gaveaboundforthemodulusofroots.However,shedidnotestablishthemonotonicity ofρasafunctionofθ.ThoughthedescriptiveresultsofFell[1]giveustheinformation abouttheformandlocationofthetrinomialarcs,nevertheless,thesetypesofarcsarenot suitablydesignedforfurtherstudy.Inthispaper,wewillrestrictourattentiontoafamily oftrinomialarcs,solutionsof(1.1)with0α1,insidetheunitdiskDu={z:|z|≤1}. Webeginbyde?ningthisfamilyoftrinomialcurvesdenotedbyB(n,k,r),wheren,k ,and  2 InternationalJournalofMathematicsandMathematicalSciences rsatisfysomeconditions.NotethatDub