Bipolar Disorder and the TCI Higher Self-Transcendence in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Major Depression英文文献资料.docVIP

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Bipolar Disorder and the TCI Higher Self-Transcendence in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Major Depression英文文献资料.doc

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Bipolar Disorder and the TCI Higher Self-Transcendence in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Major Depression英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation DepressionResearchandTreatment Volume2011,ArticleID529638,6pages doi:10.1155/2011/529638 ResearchArticle BipolarDisorderandtheTCI:HigherSelf-Transcendencein BipolarDisorderComparedtoMajorDepression ChristopherM.A.Frampton, andPeterR.Joyce JamesA.Harley,1,2J.ElisabethWells,3 1 1 1 DepartmentofPsychologicalMedicine,UniversityofOtagoChristchurch,P.O.Box4345,ChristchurchMailCentre, Christchurch8140,NewZealand 2 3 DepartmentofPathology,UniversityofOtagoChristchurch,Christchurch8140,NewZealand DepartmentofPublicHealthandGeneralPractice,UniversityofOtago,Christchurch,Christchurch8140,NewZealand CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoJamesA.Harley,tony.harley@otago.ac.nz Received15February2011;Accepted26April2011 AcademicEditor:FossatiAndrea Copyright?2011JamesA.Harleyetal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. One personality theory which demonstratesstrongheritabilityisCloninger’spsychobiologicalmodelmeasuredusingthetemperamentandcharacterinventory (TCI).277individualswhocompletedtheTCIquestionnaireaspartoftheSouthIslandBipolarStudywerealsointerviewedto assessforlifetimepsychiatricdiagnoses.Fourgroupswerecompared,bipolardisorder(BP),type1and2,MDD(majordepressive disorder),andnona?ectedrelativesofaprobandwithBP.Withcorrectionformoodstate,totalharmavoidance(HA)washigher than una?ected in both MDD and BP groups, but the mood disorder groups did not di?er from each other. However, BP1 individualshadhigherself-transcendence(ST)thanthosewithMDDanduna?ectedrelatives.HAmayre?ectatraitmarkerof mooddisorderswhereashighSTmaybespeci?ctoBP.AsSTisheritable,genesthata?ectSTmaybeofrelevanceforvulnerability toBP. 1.Introduction ing(NS),harmavoidance(HA),rewardd