Beliefs, Anxiety, and Avoiding Failure in Mathematics英文文献资料.docVIP

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Beliefs, Anxiety, and Avoiding Failure in Mathematics英文文献资料.doc

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Beliefs, Anxiety, and Avoiding Failure in Mathematics英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation ChildDevelopmentResearch Volume2012,ArticleID396071,8pages doi:10.1155/2012/396071 ResearchArticle Beliefs,Anxiety,andAvoidingFailureinMathematics SteveChinn FacultyofEducation,HealthandSciences,UniversityofDerby,DerbyDE221GB,UK CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoSteveChinn,steve.chinn@ Received1June2012;Revised26August2012;Accepted29August2012 AcademicEditor:AnnDowker Copyright?2012SteveChinn.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Mathematicsanxietyhasbeenthesubjectofseveralbooksandnumerousresearchpapers,suggestingthatitisasigni?cantissue formanypeople.Childrenandadultsdevelopstrategiestocopewiththisanxiety,oneofwhichisavoidance.Thispaperpresents datatakenfromover2500mathematicstestpapersinordertocomparethelevelsofaccuracyandthefrequencyoftheuseofthe “noattempt”strategy,thatis,avoidance,forarithmeticproblemsgiventochildrenagedfrom10yearstoadultsagedupto49years fromacrosstheUK. 1.Introduction necessarilymakethemhelpfulincreatingapositivestudent attitude to mathematics, especially for those who have di?cultieswithlearningmathematicsor,indeed,mathemat- icslearningdi?culties.Forexample,MtetwaandGarofalo [9]discuss?vebeliefs,whichinclude“mathematicsproblems haveonlyonecorrectanswer”and“computationproblems mustbesolvedbyusingastep-by-stepalgorithm.”The?rst belief leads children to perceive of mathematics as highly judgmental,thatanswersareright ortheyarewrong.The second belief leads children and their teachers to perceive of mathematics as a series of procedures which have to bememorisedandnotnecessarilyunderstood.Ernest[10] reviewstheliteratureonbeliefsinhisbook,“ThePsychology ofLearningMathematics.”Threeexamplesfromhis review are “some people have a mathematics mind and some do not,”“mathematiciansdoproblemsquicklyintheirhead,” and“mathematicsrequiresagoodmemory.”The?rstbelief permitspeople