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Brain Imaging of Nicotinic Receptors in Alzheimers Disease英文文献资料.doc

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Brain Imaging of Nicotinic Receptors in Alzheimers Disease英文文献资料

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch InternationalJournalofAlzheimer’sDisease Volume2010,ArticleID548913,11pages doi:10.4061/2010/548913 ReviewArticle BrainImagingofNicotinicReceptorsinAlzheimer’sDisease JinWu,MasatomoIshikawa,JichunZhang,andKenjiHashimoto DivisionofClinicalNeuroscience,CenterforForensicMentalHealth,ChibaUniversity,1-8-1InohanaChiba260-8670,Japan CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoKenjiHashimoto,hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp Received30October2010;Accepted8December2010 AcademicEditor:AdamS.Fleisher Copyright?2010JinWuetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Neuronalnicotinicacetylcholinereceptors(nAChRs)areafamilyofligand-gatedionchannelswhicharewidelydistributedinthe humanbrain.Severallinesofevidencesuggestthattwomajorsubtypes(α4β2andα7)ofnAChRsplayanimportantroleinthe pathophysiologyofAlzheimer’sdisease(AD).Postmortemstudiesdemonstratedalterationsinthedensityofthesesubtypesof nAChRsinthebrainofpatientswithAD.Currently,nAChRsareoneofthemostattractivetherapeutictargetsforAD.Therefore, severalresearchershavemadeane?orttodevelopnovelradioligandsthatcanbeusedtostudyquantitativelythedistribution of these two subtypes in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Inthispaper,wediscussthecurrenttopicsoninvivoimagingoftwosubtypesofnAChRsinthebrainof patientswithAD. 1.Introduction andcognitivedecline,inovertheageof65[9].Severallines ofevidencedemonstratedthatsmokingalmostdoubledthe riskofADandthatsmokingcessationmightcontributeto areductionofriskfactorsforADandcardiovasculardisease [10,11].Noteworthy,thelaterisalsoknownasariskfactor forAD.Theseresultssuggestthatsmokingcessationmayplay an important role in not only primary but also secondary prevention of AD. In contrast, although the discussion aboutneuroprotectionbysmokinghasbeencontinued,itis possible