Biomarkers of Cervical Dysplasia and Carcinoma英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofOncology Volume2012,ArticleID507286,9pages doi:10.1155/2012/507286 ReviewArticle BiomarkersofCervicalDysplasiaandCarcinoma SonyaJ.Hwang andKennethR.Shroyer 1 2 1 2 DepartmentofPathology,HospitalLevel2,Room766,StonyBrookUniversityMedicalCenter,StonyBrook,NY11794-7025,USA DepartmentofPathology,BasicScienceTower,Level9,StonyBrookUniversityMedicalCenter,StonyBrook,NY11794-8691,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoSonyaJ.Hwang,sonya.hwang@ Received2August2011;Accepted8September2011 AcademicEditor:AdhemarLongatto-Filho Copyright?2012S.J.HwangandK.R.Shroyer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Although cervical cytology screening has decreased the incidence of cervical cancer in industrialized countries, HPV-related cervicaldisease,includingpremalignantandmalignantlesions,continuestorepresentamajorburdenonthehealthcaresystem. Someoftheproblemsincludethepotentialforeitherunder-orovertreatmentofwomenduetodecreasedspeci?cityofscreening tests as well as signi?cant interobserver variability in the diagnosis of cervical dysplastic lesions. Although not completely elucidated,theHPV-drivenmolecularmechanismsunderlyingthedevelopmentofcervicallesionshaveprovidedanumberof potentialbiomarkersforbothdiagnosticandprognosticuseintheclinicalmanagementofthesewomen. 1.Introduction The association between cervical premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions and human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been well established [6, 7]. There are over 100 de?ned HPV types, and these have been subdivided intohigh-risk(HR-HPV)andlow-risk(LR-HPV)categories, based on their association with cervical cancer [8, 9]. AlthoughthemajorityofwomenwithHR-HPVinfections haveonlytransientinfectionsthatdonotleadtomalignant transformation of the cervical mucosa, HR-HPV is the etiologicagentof