Biomarkers of Chronic Inflammatory State in Uremia and Cardiovascular Disease英文文献资料.docVIP

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Biomarkers of Chronic Inflammatory State in Uremia and Cardiovascular Disease英文文献资料.doc

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Biomarkers of Chronic Inflammatory State in Uremia and Cardiovascular Disease英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofIn?ammation Volume2012,ArticleID360147,6pages doi:10.1155/2012/360147 ReviewArticle BiomarkersofChronicIn?ammatoryStateinUremiaand CardiovascularDisease VincenzoPanichi,AlessiaScatena,MassimilianoMigliori, ValentinaMarchetti,SabrinaPaoletti,andSaraBeati NephrologyandDialysisUnit,VersiliaHospital,ViaAurelia335,55034LidodiCamaiore,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoVincenzoPanichi,vpanichi@usl12.toscana.it Received6March2012;Revised5April2012;Accepted17April2012 AcademicEditor:ElenaAikawa Copyright?2012VincenzoPanichietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Cardiovasculardiseaseistheleadingcauseofdeathinthegeneralpopulation;traditionalriskfactorsseeminadequatetoexplain completely the remarkable prevalence of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity observed in the uremic population. A role for chronic in?ammation has been well established in the development of atherosclerotic disease, and, on the basis of these observations,atherosclerosismightbeconsideredanin?ammatorydisease.In?ammationhasbeenimplicatedintheetiology ofcoronaryarterydiseaseinthegeneralpopulation,andtraditionalin?ammatorybiomarkerssuchasC-reactiveprotein(CRP) andinterleukin-6(IL-6)havebeenshowntopredictcardiovasculareventsinbothsymptomaticandasymptomaticindividualsas wellasthoseintheuremicpopulation.Lateron,newnontraditionalmarkerswererelatedtotheriskofcardiovascularmorbidity andmortalityingeneralandinuremicpopulation.Asaconsequenceoftheexpandingresearchbaseandavailabilityofassays,the numberofin?ammatorymarkertestsorderedbycliniciansforcardiovasculardisease(CVD)riskpredictionhasgrownrapidly andseveralcommercialassayshavebecomeavailable.So,uptonowwecanconsiderthatseveralnewnontraditionalmarkers asCD40-CD40ligandsystemandpentraxin-3seemtobesigni?cantfeaturesofcardiovasculardiseaseingener