Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms英文文献资料.docVIP

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Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms英文文献资料.doc

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Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofEnvironmentalandPublicHealth Volume2012,ArticleID203141,9pages doi:10.1155/2012/203141 ResearchArticle BuiltEnvironmentandItsIn?uencesonWalkingamong OlderWomen:UseofStandardizedGeographicUnitsto De?neUrbanForms VivianW.Siu, 1 WilliamE.Lambert, RongweiFu, TeresaA.Hillier, 2 2 3 andYvonneL.Michael 5 MarkBosworth, 4 1 2 PopulationResearchCenterandInstituteofMetropolitanStudies,PortlandStateUniversity,P.O.Box751,Portland, OR97207,USA DepartmentofPublicHealthandPreventiveMedicine,OregonHealthScienceUniversity,3181SWSamJacksonParkRoad, MailCodeCB669,Portland,OR97239,USA 3 4 5 KaiserPermanenteCenterforHealthResearch,Northwest/Hawaii,3800N.InterstateAvenue,Portland,OR97227,USA MetroDataResourceCenter,600NEGrandAvenue,Portland,OR97232,USA DepartmentofEpidemiologyandBiostatistics,DrexelUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth,1505RaceStreet,MS1033, Philadelphia,PA19102,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoVivianW.Siu,vsiu@ Received4January2012;Accepted12June2012 AcademicEditor:DavidStrogatz Copyright?2012VivianW.Siuetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Consensusislackingonspeci?candpolicy-relevantmeasuresofneighborhoodattributesthatmaya?ecthealthoutcomes.To addressthislimitation,wecreatedsmallstandardizedgeographicunitsmeasuringthetransit,commercial,andparkareaaccess, intersection,andpopulationdensityforthePortland,Oregonmetropolitanarea.Clusteranalysiswasusedtoidentifysixunique urbanforms:centralcity,cityperiphery,suburb,urbanfringewithpoorcommercialaccess,urbanfringewithpoolparkaccess, andsatellitecity.Theurbanforminformationwaslinkabletothedetailedphysicalactivity,health,andsocio-demographicdataof 2,005olderwomenwithouttheuseofadministrativeboundaries.Evaluationoftherelationshipbetweenurbanformsandwalking behaviorindicatesthatolderwomenresidingincitycenterweremore