Cadmium Toxicity in Plants and Role of Mineral Nutrients in Its Alleviation英文文献资料.docVIP

American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1476-1489 /10.4236/ajps.2012.310178 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ajps) Cadmium Toxicity in Plants and Role of Mineral Nutrients in Its Alleviation Rahat Nazar, Noushina Iqbal, Asim Masood, M. Iqbal R. Khan, Shabina Syeed, Nafees A. Khan * Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. * Email: naf9@ Received July 13 , 2012; revised August 15 , 2012; accepted August 30 , 2012 th th th ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that enters the environment through various anthropogenic sources, and inhibits plant growth and development. Cadmium toxicity may result from disturbance in plant metabolism as a consequence of disturbance in the uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients. Plant nutrients and Cd compete for the same transport- ers and, therefore, presence of Cd results in mineral nutrients deficiency. The optimization of mineral nutrients under Cd stress could reduce Cd toxicity by greater availability at the transport site resulting in reduced accumulation of Cd, and could also alleviate Cd-induced toxic effects by enhancing biochemical reactions and physiological processes in plants. In the present review the role of plant macro, micro and beneficial elements in alleviating Cd stress in crop plants is discussed. Keywords: Antioxidant Enzymes; Cadmium Toxicity; Mineral Nutrition; Oxidative Stress 1. Introduction inhibits stomatal opening by interacting with the water balance of plant [8], disturbs the Calvin cycle enzymes, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism [9,10], changes the antioxidant metabolism [6], and lowers the crop pro- ductivity [1]. As Cd is unable to participate directly in biological redox reactions, it induces oxidative stress