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Cancer Stem Cells Repair Gone Awry英文文献资料.doc

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Cancer Stem Cells Repair Gone Awry英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofOncology Volume2011,ArticleID465343,11pages doi:10.1155/2011/465343 ReviewArticle CancerStemCells:RepairGoneAwry? FatimaRangwala, AlessiaOmenetti, andAnnaMaeDiehl 1 2 2 1 DivisionofCellularTherapy,HematologyandOncology,DepartmentofMedicine,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham, NC27710,USA 2 DivisionofGastroenterology,DepartmentofMedicine,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,SnydermanBuilding(GSRB-1), 595LaSalleStreet,Suite1073,Durham,NC27710,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoAnnaMaeDiehl,annamae.diehl@ Received20September2010;Accepted23October2010 AcademicEditor:BoLu Copyright?2011FatimaRangwalaetal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Because cell turnover occurs in all adult organs, stem/progenitor cells within the stem-cell niche of each tissue must be appropriatelymobilizedanddi?erentiatedtomaintainnormalorganstructureandfunction.Tissueinjuryincreasesthedemands onthisprocess,andthusmayunmaskdefectiveregulationofpathways,suchasHedgehog(Hh),thatmodulateprogenitorcell fate.Hhpathwaydysregulationhasbeendemonstratedinmanytypesofcancer,includingpancreaticandlivercancers,inwhich defectiveHhsignalinghasbeenlinkedtooutgrowthofHh-responsivecancerstem-initiatingcellsandstromalelements.Hence, theHhpathwaymightbeatherapeutictargetinsuchtumors. 1.Introduction ofsurfacemarkersthatallowfortheirreliableidenti?cation andpuri?cation[5].Speci?cally,theCSChypothesisposits thatwithinagiventumor,onlyadistinctphenotypicsubset of cells has tumorigenic capacity, that is, injection of this cellfractionintonudemiceisabletofullyrecapitulatethe parenttumor.Currently,serialpassageinxenotransplanta- tionmodelsisthegoldstandardassayforde?ningtheCSC fraction[6]. NormaltissueSCstightlyregulatethebalancebetween self-renewalanddi?erentiation,andquiescenceandprolif- e