Bounds for the Second Largest Eigenvalue of Real 3 × 3 Symmetric Matrices with Entries Symmetric about the Origin英文文献资料.docVIP

Applied Mathematics, 2012, 3, 606-609 /10.4236/am.2012.36094 Published Online June 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/am) Bounds for the Second Largest Eigenvalue of Real 3 × 3 Symmetric Matrices with Entries Symmetric about the Origin Barini Geoffrey , Kivunge Benard , Jotham Akanga 1 2 3 Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Kenya Polytechnic University College, Nairobi, Kenya Email: geoffreyonkundi@ 1,3 2 Received April 3, 2012; revised May 3, 2012; accepted May 10, 2012 ABSTRACT ? ? denote a set of all real nxn symmetric matrices with entries in the interval a,b . In this article, we pre- ?A? of a real symmetric matrix
A, such that A? AS3??b,b? Let A sent bounds for the second largest eigenvalue ?2 S ?a,b? n . Keywords: Bounds; Determinant; Eigenvalues; Trace 1. Introduction We are concerned with the case j = 2 when A? A . We employ analytical approach discussed denotes a set of n?n S ??b,b? 3 Throughout this article, A S ?a,b? n in [4] and the properties trA ? ?1?A?? ?2 ?A???? ?n ?A?, det A ? ?1?A??2 ?A???n ?A? to determine these bounds. The following result will real symmetric matrices whose entries are in the interval ? a,b . Eigenvalues of any real n?n symmetric matrix A, will be represented by ? (1.4) λ1 ? A? ? λ2 ? A? ?? ? λn ? A? . (1.1) ? ? prove useful later. If A ? a is any real 3 × 3 matrix ?1, then det A ? 4 [5,6]. It immediately follows that if A? AS3??b,b?, then The smallest λn ? A? and the largest λ1 ? A? eigen- values have been studied extensively in the recent dec- ades. Recently, many researchers have turned attention to ij such that a ij the second largest eigenvalue λ2 ? A? due to its applica- det A ? 4b 3 (1.5) tions in science and e