Cell Transformation and the Evolution of a Field of Precancerization As It Relates to Oral Leukoplakia英文文献资料.docVIP

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Cell Transformation and the Evolution of a Field of Precancerization As It Relates to Oral Leukoplakia英文文献资料.doc

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Cell Transformation and the Evolution of a Field of Precancerization As It Relates to Oral Leukoplakia英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofDentistry Volume2011,ArticleID321750,5pages doi:10.1155/2011/321750 ReviewArticle CellTransformationandtheEvolutionofaFieldof PrecancerizationAsItRelatestoOralLeukoplakia L.FellerandJ.Lemmer DepartmentofPeriodontologyandOralMedicine,UniversityofLimpopo,MedunsaCampus,SouthAfrica CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoL.Feller,lfeller@ul.ac.za Received13July2011;Accepted10August2011 AcademicEditor:PaulC.Edwards Copyright?2011L.FellerandJ.Lemmer.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Potentially malignant oral leukoplakias arise within precancerized epithelial ?elds consisting of cytogenetically altered keratinocytes at various stages of transformation. The evolution of a clone of keratinocytes culminating in a precancerous phenotypeisafunctionofthenumberofmutagenicevents,ratherthanthesequentialorderinwhichtheyoccur.Thealtered molecularcon?gurationsofthetransformedprecancerouskeratinocytesmayconferuponthemagrowthadvantageinrelationto theunalteredneighbouringkeratinocytes.Replicativeclonalexpansionofthesekeratinocytesresultsintheprogressivereplacement of the surrounding normal keratinocytes by the ?tter clone or clones of altered cells. The precancerized oral epithelial ?eld mayhaveaclinicallynormalappearanceandmicroscopicallymaybenormalormayshowdysplasia.Oralleukoplakiasarising within a precancerized epithelial ?eld in which the keratinocytes show DNA aneuploidy or loss of heterozygosity at certain speci?cchromosomallocihavethepotentialtoprogresstocarcinoma.Thepathogenicmechanismsthatdrivethecarcinomatous transformationoforalleukoplakias,inwhichcytogeneticalterationsinthekeratinocytescannotbedetected,areunknown. 1.Introduction 2.AnOralFieldofPrecancerization ThegenomecansustainanumberofalterationstoitsDNA withoutanyapparentcellularfunctionaldisability,butany cellthathassustain