Bonsai Trees in Your Head How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed Choices by Pruning Decision Trees 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Bonsai Trees in Your Head How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed Choices by Pruning Decision Trees 英文参考文献.doc

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Bonsai Trees in Your Head How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed Choices by Pruning Decision Trees 英文参考文献

BonsaiTreesinYourHead:HowthePavlovianSystem SculptsGoal-DirectedChoicesbyPruningDecisionTrees QuentinJ.M.Huys1,2,3.*,NeirEshel4.¤,ElizabethO’Nions4,LukeSheridan4,PeterDayan1,JonathanP. Roiser4 1Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,3Guy’sandSt.Thomas’NHSFoundationTrust,London,UnitedKingdom,4UCLInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience, London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Whenplanningaseriesofactions,itisusuallyinfeasibletoconsiderallpotentialfuturesequences;instead,onemustprune the decision tree. Provably optimal pruning is, however, still computationally ruinous and the specific approximations humans employ remain unknown. We designed a new sequential reinforcement-based task and showed that human subjectsadoptedasimplepruningstrategy:duringmentalevaluationofasequenceofchoices,theycurtailedanyfurther evaluationofasequenceassoonastheyencounteredalargeloss.ThispruningstrategywasPavlovian:itwasreflexively evokedbylargelossesandpersistedevenwhenoverwhelminglycounterproductive.Itwasalsoevidentaboveandbeyond loss aversion. We found that the tendency towards Pavlovian pruning was selectively predicted by the degree towhich subjectsexhibitedsub-clinicalmooddisturbance,inaccordancewiththeoriesthatascribePavlovianbehaviouralinhibition, via serotonin, a role in mood disorders. We conclude that Pavlovian behavioural inhibition shapes highly flexible, goal- directedchoicesinamannerthatmaybeimportantfortheoriesofdecision-makinginmooddisorders. Citation:HuysQJM,EshelN,O’NionsE,SheridanL,DayanP,etal.(2012)BonsaiTreesinYourHead:HowthePavlovianSystemSculptsGoal-DirectedChoicesby PruningDecisionTrees.PLoSComputBiol8(3):e1002410.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002410 Editor:LaurenceT.Maloney,NewYorkUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedSeptember14,2011;AcceptedJanuary18,2012;PublishedMarch8,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Huys et al. This is an open