Effects of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Freshwater Algal Population Dynamics 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effects of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Freshwater Algal Population Dynamics 英文参考文献.doc

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Effects of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Freshwater Algal Population Dynamics 英文参考文献

EffectsofNano-TitaniumDioxideonFreshwaterAlgal PopulationDynamics KonradJ.Kulacki1,2*,BradleyJ.Cardinale2 1DepartmentofEcology,Evolution,andMarineBiology,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara,SantaBarbara,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2SchoolofNatural ResourcesandEnvironment,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract To make predictions about the possible effects of nanomaterials across environments and taxa, toxicity testing must incorporate not only a variety of organisms and endpoints, but also an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie nanoparticletoxicity.Here,wereporttheresultsofalaboratoryexperimentinwhichweexaminedhowtitaniumdioxide nanoparticlesimpactthepopulationdynamicsandproductionofbiomassacrossarangeoffreshwateralgae.Weexposed 10 of the most common species of North American freshwater pelagic algae (phytoplankton) to five increasing concentrations of n-TiO2 (ranging from controls to 300mg n-TiO2 L21). We then examined the effects of n-TiO2 on the populationgrowthratesandbiomass productionofeachalgalspecies overaperiodof25days.Onaverage,increasing concentrationsofn-TiO2hadnosignificanteffectsonalgalgrowthrates(p=0.376),eventhoughtherewasconsiderable species-specificvariationinresponses.Incontrast,exposureton-TiO2tendedtoincreasemaximumbiomassachievedby species in culture (p=0.06). Results suggest that titanium dioxide nanoparticles could influence certain aspects of populationgrowthoffreshwaterphytoplankton,thougheffectsareunlikelyatenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations. Citation: Kulacki KJ, Cardinale BJ (2012) Effects of Nano-Titanium Dioxide on Freshwater Algal Population Dynamics. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47130. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0047130 Editor:VipulBansal,RMITUniversity,Australia ReceivedJune11,2012;AcceptedSeptember4,2012;PublishedOctober10,2012 Copyright:?2012Kulacki,Cardinale.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,an