Neural Substrates for the Motivational Regulation of Motor Recovery after Spinal-Cord Injury 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Neural Substrates for the Motivational Regulation of Motor Recovery after Spinal-Cord Injury 英文参考文献.doc

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Neural Substrates for the Motivational Regulation of Motor Recovery after Spinal-Cord Injury 英文参考文献

NeuralSubstratesfortheMotivationalRegulationof MotorRecoveryafterSpinal-CordInjury YukioNishimura1,2,3,7*,HirotakaOnoe3,4,KayoOnoe5,YosukeMorichika1,HideoTsukada3,6 ,Tadashi Isa1,3,7 1DepartmentofDevelopmentalPhysiology,NationalInstituteforPhysiologicalSciences,Okazaki,Japan,2PrecursoryResearchforEmbryonicScienceandTechnology, JapanScienceandTechnologyAgency,Tokyo,Japan,3CoreResearchforEvolutionalScienceandTechnology,JapanScienceandTechnologyAgency,Kawaguchi,Japan, 4FunctionalProbeResearchLaboratory,RIKENCenterforMolecularImagingScience,Kobe,Japan,5MolecularDynamicsLaboratory,RIKENCenterforMolecularImaging Science,Kobe,Japan,6CentralResearchLaboratory,HamamatsuPhotonics,Hamamatsu,Japan,7GraduateUniversityforAdvancedStudies(SOKENDAI),Hayama,Japan Abstract Itisbelievedthatdepressionimpedesandmotivationenhancesfunctionalrecoveryafterneuronaldamagesuchasspinal- cord injury and stroke. However, the neuronal substrate underlying such psychological effects on functional recovery remainsunclear.Alongitudinalstudyofbrainactivationinthenon-humanprimatemodelofpartialspinal-cordinjuryusing positron emission tomography (PET) revealed a contribution of the primary motor cortex (M1) to the recovery of finger dexterity through the rehabilitative training. Here, we show that activity of the ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens(NAc),whichplaysacriticalroleinprocessingofmotivation,increasedanditsfunctionalconnectivitywithM1 emerged and was progressively strengthened during the recovery. In addition, functional connectivities among M1, the ventralstriatumandotherstructuresbelongingtoneuralcircuitsforprocessingmotivation,suchastheorbitofrontalcortex, anterior cingulate cortex and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus were also strengthened during the recovery. These resultsgivecluestotheneuronalsubstrateformotivationalregulationofmotorlearningrequiredforfunctionalrecovery afterspinal-cordinjury. Citation:NishimuraY,OnoeH,OnoeK,MorichikaY,TsukadaH,etal.(2011)NeuralSubstratesf