Occurrence of Fusarium spp. and Fumonisins in Stored Wheat Grains Marketed in Iran 英文参考文献.docVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 2816-2823; doi:10.3390/toxins2122816 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Occurrence of Fusarium spp. and Fumonisins in Stored Wheat Grains Marketed in Iran Khosrow Chehri 1,3,*, Saeed Tamadoni Jahromi 2, Kasa R. N. Reddy 3,*, Saeed Abbasi 1 and Baharuddin Salleh 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; E-Mail: abbasikhs@ 2 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, Bandar Abbas, Iran; E-Mail: hadadi30@ 3 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail: sallehb@usm.my * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: khchehri@ (K.C.); drkrnreddy@ (K.R.N.R); Tel.: +604-6534001; Fax: +604-6565125. Received: 8 November 2010; in revised form: 10 December 2010 / Accepted: 11 December 2010 / Published: 13 December 2010 Abstract: Wheat grains are well known to be invaded by Fusarium spp. under field and storage conditions and contaminated with fumonisins. Therefore, determining Fusarium spp. and fumonisins in wheat grains is of prime importance to develop suitable management strategies and to minimize risk. Eighty-two stored wheat samples produced in Iran were collected from various supermarkets and tested for the presence of Fusarium spp. by agar plate assay and fumonisins by HPLC. A total of 386 Fusarium strains were isolated and identified through morphological characteristics. All these strains belonged to F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Of the Fusarium species, F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and then F. culmorum. Natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) could be detected in 56 (68.2%) samples ranging from 15–155 μg/kg, fumonisin B2 (FB2) in 35 (42.6%) samples ranging from 12–86 μg/kg and fumonisin B3 (FB3) in 26 (