Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) – more than just slimy slugs. Shell reduction and its implications on defence and foraging 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) – more than just slimy slugs. Shell reduction and its implications on defence and foraging 英文参考文献.doc

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Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) – more than just slimy slugs. Shell reduction and its implications on defence and foraging 英文参考文献

Frontiers in Zoology BioMedCentral Research Open Access Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) – more than just slimy slugs. Shell reduction and its implications on defence and foraging Heike W?gele*1,2 and Annette Klussmann-Kolb3 Address: 1Museum K?nig Bonn, Adenaueralle 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany, 2Institut für Evolutionsbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universit?t, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany and 3 Zoologisches Institut, J.W. Goethe Universit?t, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60054 Frankfurt, Germany Email: Heike W?gele* - hwaegele@evolution.uni_bonn.de; Annette Klussmann-Kolb - Klussmann-Kolb@zoology.uni-frankfurt.de * Corresponding author Published: 16 February 2005 Received: 19 October 2004 Accepted: 16 February 2005 Frontiers in Zoology 2005, 2:3 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-2-3 This article is available from: /content/2/1/3 ? 2005 W?gele and Klussmann-Kolb; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: In general shell-less slugs are considered to be slimy animals with a rather dull appearance and a pest to garden plants. But marine slugs usually are beautifully coloured animals belonging to the less-known Opisthobranchia. They are characterized by a large array of interesting biological phenomena, usually related to foraging and/or defence. In this paper our knowledge of shell reduction, correlated with the evolution of different defensive and foraging strategies is reviewed, and new results on histology of different glandular systems are included. Results: Based on a phylogeny obtained by morphological and histological data, the parallel reduction of the shell within the different groups is outlined. Major food sources are given and glandular st