PAURAD Design and Preliminary Calibration Results of a New L-Band Pseudo-Correlation Radiometer Concept 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2008, 8, 4392-4412; DOI: 10.3390/s8074392 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /sensors Article PAU/RAD: Design and Preliminary Calibration Results of a New L-Band Pseudo-Correlation Radiometer Concept Xavier Bosch-Lluis*, Adriano Camps, Isaac Ramos-Perez, Juan Fernando Marchan-Hernandez, Nereida Rodriguez-Alvarez and EnricValencia Remote Sensing Lab, Dept. Teoria del Senyal i Comunicació, Campus Nord D3, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: xavier.bosch@ Received: 3 June 2008; in revised form: 14 July 2008 / Accepted: 25 July 2008 / Published: 28 July 2008 Abstract: The Passive Advanced Unit (PAU) for ocean monitoring is a new type of instrument that combines in a single receiver and without time multiplexing, a polarimetric pseudo-correlation microwave radiometer at L-band (PAU-RAD) and a GPS reflectometer (PAU-GNSS/R). These instruments in conjunction with an infra-red radiometer (PAU-IR) will respectively provide the sea surface temperature and the sea state information needed to accurately retrieve the sea surface salinity from the radiometric measurements. PAU will consist of an array of 4x4 receivers performing digital beamforming and polarization synthesis both for PAU-RAD and PAU-GNSS/R. A concept demonstrator of the PAU instrument with only one receiver has been implemented (PAU-One Receiver or PAU-OR). PAU-OR has been used to test and tune the calibration algorithms that will be applied to PAU. This work describes in detail PAU-OR’s radiometer calibration algorithms and their performance. Keywords: radiometer, reflectometer, pseudo-correlation, calibration, field-programmable gate array (FPGA). 1. Introduction Sea surface salinity can be indirectly measured through the variations of the brightness temperature due to the change of the sea water dielectric constant with respect to tempera