Primary NO2 emissions and their impact on air quality in traffic environments in Germany 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Primary NO2 emissions and their impact on air quality in traffic environments in Germany 英文参考文献.doc

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Primary NO2 emissions and their impact on air quality in traffic environments in Germany 英文参考文献

Kurtenbachetal.EnvironmentalSciencesEurope2012,24:21 /content/24/1/21 RESEARCH OpenAccess PrimaryNO2emissionsandtheirimpactonair qualityintrafficenvironmentsinGermany RalfKurtenbach,J?rgKleffmann,AnitaNiedojadloandPeterWiesen* Abstract Background:ThedecreasingNOXconcentrationsaturbanmeasurementstationsinGermanyareinagreement withthereductionofNOXemissionsfromvehiculartraffic.However,themeasuredNO2concentrationsare stagnatingnationwide.In2010,atmorethanthehalfoftheurbanmeasurementstationsinGermany,annualmean valuesforNO2exceededthenewEurope-widelimitvalueof40μg/m3(20ppbv)NO2.Similarfindingsarereported frommanyothermemberstatesoftheEuropeanUnion. Results:TheobservedtrendoftheairborneNO2concentrationshasdifferentreasons.Firstly,theNO2/NOx emissionratiohasincreasedsignificantlyduringthelasttwodecades.Furthermore,secondaryNO2,causedbythe titrationreactionsofNOwithozone(O3)andperoxyradicals(RO2),isresponsibleforthemajorfraction (approximately70%)ofthemeasuredNO2.However,secondaryNO2showsahighlynonlineardependencyonNOx andthus,isdecreasingmuchmoreslowlythanexpectedfromthedecreasingNOxlevels.Basedontheresultsfrom thepresentstudy,theincreasedNO2/NOXemissionratiocanonlyexplainaminorfractionoftheobservedhigh airborneNO2concentrationinthecitycenter. Conclusions:AfurtherreductionofprimaryNO2emissions,duetoimprovedexhaustgastreatment,willnothave astronginfluenceonurbanNO2levels,andafurthersignificantreductionoftheNOXemissions,inparticularfrom vehiculartraffic,isnecessaryinordertomeettheannualmeanlimitvalueforNO2ofabout20ppbinthefuture. Keywords:Nitrogendioxide,Airquality,Trafficemissions Background 60% [1]. Since the mid-80s, a significant decrease in Fineparticulatematterandnitrogendioxide(NO2)arethe NOX emissions from road transport has been reported keyproblemsforincreasingairqualityinEurope.Whereas from Germany. According to emission calculations of particulate matter and the exceedance of PM limiting theGermanFederalEnvironmentalAgency,thedecrease values have at