Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious 英文参考文献.doc

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Prions Adhere to Soil Minerals and Remain Infectious 英文参考文献

PrionsAdheretoSoilMinerals andRemainInfectious Christopher J.Johnson1,2,Kristen E.Phillips3,Peter T.Schramm3,Debbie McKenzie2,Judd M.Aiken1,2, Joel A.Pedersen3,4* 1PrograminCellularandMolecularBiology,UniversityofWisconsinMadison,Madison,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofAnimalHealthandBiomedical Sciences,SchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofWisconsinMadison,Madison,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3MolecularandEnvironmentalToxicologyCenter, UniversityofWisconsinMadison,Madison,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofSoilScience,UniversityofWisconsinMadison,Madison,Wisconsin,United StatesofAmerica An unidentified environmental reservoir of infectivity contributes to the natural transmission of prion diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies [TSEs]) in sheep, deer, and elk. Prion infectivity may enter soil environments via shedding from diseased animals and decomposition of infected carcasses. Burial of TSE-infected cattle, sheep, and deer as a means of disposal has resulted in unintentional introduction of prions into subsurface environments.WeexaminedthepotentialforsoiltoserveasaTSEreservoirbystudyingtheinteractionofthedisease- associated prion protein (PrPSc) with common soil minerals. In this study, we demonstrated substantial PrPSc adsorption to two clay minerals, quartz, and four whole soil samples. We quantified the PrPSc-binding capacities of eachmineral.Furthermore,weobservedthatPrPScdesorbedfrommontmorilloniteclaywascleavedatanN-terminal site and the interaction between PrPSc and Mte was strong, making desorption of the protein difficult. Despite cleavageandavidbinding,PrPScboundtoMteremainedinfectious.ResultsfromourstudysuggestthatPrPSc released intosoilenvironmentsmaybepreservedinabioavailableform,perpetuatingpriondiseaseepizooticsandexposing otherspeciestotheinfectiousagent. Citation:JohnsonCJ,PhillipsKE,SchrammPT,McKenzieD,AikenJM,etal.(2006)Prionsadheretosoilmineralsandremaininfectious.PLoSPathog2(4):e32.DOI:10.1371/ jo