Quantisation, Representation and Reduction; How Should We Interpret the Quantum Hamiltonian Constraints of Canonical Gravity 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantisation, Representation and Reduction; How Should We Interpret the Quantum Hamiltonian Constraints of Canonical Gravity 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantisation, Representation and Reduction; How Should We Interpret the Quantum Hamiltonian Constraints of Canonical Gravity 英文参考文献

Symmetry2011,3,134-154;doi:10.3390/sym3020134 OPENACCESS symmetry ISSN2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Quantisation,RepresentationandReduction;HowShould WeInterprettheQuantumHamiltonianConstraintsof CanonicalGravity? KarimP.Y.Th′ebault CentreforTime,SchoolofPhilosophicalandHistoricalEnquiry,UniversityofSydney,Australia; E-Mail:karim.thebault@ Received:21February2011;inrevisedform:21March2011/Accepted:28March2011/ Published:31March2011 Abstract:Hamiltonianconstraintsfeatureinthecanonicalformulationofgeneralrelativity. Unliketypicalconstraintstheycannotbeassociatedwithareductionprocedureleadingtoa non-trivialreducedphasespaceandthismeansthephysicalinterpretationoftheirquantum analogues is ambiguous. In particular, can we assume that “quantisation commutes with reduction”andtreatthepromotionoftheseconstraintstooperatorsannihilatingthewave function,accordingtoaDiractypeprocedure,asleadingtoaHilbertspaceequivalenttothat reachedbyquantisationoftheproblematicreducedspace? Ifnot,howshouldweinterpret Hamiltonian constraints quantum mechanically? And on what basis do we assert that quantisationandreductioncommuteanyway?Thesequestionswillbere?nedandexplored inthecontextofmodernapproachestothequantisationofcanonicalgeneralrelativity. Keywords: problem of time; canonical quantisation; symplectic reduction; Hamiltonian constraints;quantumgravity 1. Introduction Since their development in the late nineteen ?fties the mathematical foundations of both the constrainedHamiltoniantheoryofmechanicsandtheconstraintquantisationprogramme[1,2]havebeen substantiallyclari?ed.Inparticular,geometricinsightsintobothmechanics[3–5]andquantisation[6,7] haveaffordedadegreeofprecisionandrigourinthecanonicalcharacterisationofgaugesystemsatboth classicalandquantumlevelswhichwashithertounavailable. Animportantformalresultthathasbeen Symmetry2011,3 135 establishedisthatforcertainclassesofconstrainedsystemsitcanbeproved[8–11]thattheDiracroute of?rstpromotingtheclassicalconstraintstoquantumo