Rock Art at the PleistoceneHolocene Boundary in Eastern South America 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rock Art at the PleistoceneHolocene Boundary in Eastern South America 英文参考文献.doc

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Rock Art at the PleistoceneHolocene Boundary in Eastern South America 英文参考文献

RockArtatthePleistocene/HoloceneBoundaryin EasternSouthAmerica WalterA.Neves1*,AstolfoG.M.Araujo2,DaniloV.Bernardo1,RenatoKipnis3,JamesK.Feathers4 1Laborato′rio de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Instituto de Biocie?ncias, Universidade de Sa?o Paulo, CP11461, Sa?o Paulo, Sa?o Paulo, Brazil, 2Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia,UniversidadedeSa?o Paulo,Sa?o Paulo,Sa?o Paulo,Brazil,3ScientiaConsultoria,Sa?o Paulo,Sa?o Paulo,Brazil,4UniversityofWashingtonLuminescenceDating Laboratory,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Most investigations regarding the First Americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New Worldwassettledbyhumans;wheretheycamefrom;howmanymigrationsorcolonizationpulsesfromelsewherewere involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/ HolocenetransitionareexceedinglyrareintheAmericas. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:HerewereportapeckedanthropomorphicfigureengravedinthebedrockofLapado Santo,anarchaeologicalsitelocated inCentralBrazil.Thehorizontalprojectionoftheradiocarbon agesobtainedatthe northprofilesuggestsaminimumageof9,370640BP,(calBP10,700to10,500)forthepetroglyphthatisfurthersupported byopticallystimulatedluminescence(OSL)datesfromsedimentinthesamestratigraphicunit,locatedbetweentwoages from11.760.8kaBPto9.960.7kaBP. Conclusions: These data allow us to suggest that the anthropomorphic figure is the oldest reliably dated figurative petroglypheverfoundintheNewWorld,indicatingthatculturalvariabilityduringthePleistocene/Holoceneboundaryin SouthAmericawasnotrestrictedtostonetoolsandsubsistence,butalsoencompassedthesymbolicdimension. Citation: Neves WA, Araujo AGM, Bernardo DV, Kipnis R,