Role of Transposon-Derived Small RNAs in the Interplay between Genomes and Parasitic DNA in Rice 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Role of Transposon-Derived Small RNAs in the Interplay between Genomes and Parasitic DNA in Rice 英文参考文献.doc

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Role of Transposon-Derived Small RNAs in the Interplay between Genomes and Parasitic DNA in Rice 英文参考文献

RoleofTransposon-DerivedSmallRNAsintheInterplay betweenGenomesandParasiticDNAinRice MisuzuNosaka1,Jun-IchiItoh2,YasuoNagato2,AkemiOno1,AikoIshiwata1,YutakaSato1,3* 1DepartmentofBiologicalMechanismsandFunctions,GraduateSchoolofBioagriculturalSciences,NagoyaUniversity,Nagoya,Japan,2DepartmentofAgriculturaland Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi,Japan Abstract RNAsilencingisadefensesystemagainst‘‘genomicparasites’’suchastransposableelements(TE),whicharepotentially harmful to host genomes. In plants, transcripts from TEs induce production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and are processedintosmallRNAs(smallinterferingRNAs,siRNAs)thatsuppressTEsbyRNA–directedDNAmethylation.Thus,the majorityofTEsareepigeneticallysilenced.Ontheotherhand,mostoftheeukaryoticgenomeiscomposedofTEsandtheir remnants,suggestingthatTEshaveevolvedcountermeasuresagainsthost-mediatedsilencing.Undersomecircumstances, TEscanbecomeactiveandincreaseincopynumber.KnowledgeisaccumulatingonthemechanismsofTEsilencingbythe host;however,themechanismsbywhichTEscounteractsilencingarepoorlyunderstood.Here,weshowthataclassofTEs inriceproducesamicroRNA(miRNA)tosuppress hostsilencing.MembersofthemicroRNA820(miR820)genefamilyare located within CACTA DNA transposons in rice and target a de novo DNA methyltransferase gene, OsDRM2, one of the componentsofepigeneticsilencing.WeconfirmedthatmiR820negativelyregulatestheexpressionofOsDRM2.Inaddition, wefoundthatexpressionlevelsofvariousTEsareincreasedquitesensitivelyinresponsetodecreasedOsDRM2expression andDNAmethylationatTEloci.Furthermore,wefoundthatthenucleotidesequenceofmiR820anditsrecognitionsite withinthetargetgeneinsomeOryzaspecieshaveco-evolvedtomaintaintheirbase-pairingability.Theco-evolutionof thesesequencesprovidesevidenceforthefunctionalityofthisregulation.Ourresultsdemonstratehowparasiticelements in the genome escape the ho