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RubberHandIllusionunderDelayedVisualFeedback
SotaroShimada1*,KensukeFukuda1,KazuoHiraki2,3
1DepartmentElectronicsandBioinformatics,SchoolofScienceandTechnology,MeijiUniversity,Tama-ku,Kawasaki,Japan,2DepartmentGeneralSystemsStudies,The
UniversityofTokyo,Meguro-ku,Tokyo,Japan,3InterfacultyInitiativeinInformationStudies,TheUniversityofTokyo,Meguro-ku,Tokyo,Japan
Abstract
Background: Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject’s illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched
synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the
rubberhandwastouchedasynchronouslywiththesubject’shand,theminimumtemporaldiscrepancyofthesetwoevents
forattenuationofRHIhasnotbeenexamined.
Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Inthisstudy,varioustemporaldiscrepanciesbetweenvisualandtactilestimulationswere
introducedbyusingavisualfeedbackdelayexperimentalsetup,andRHIeffectsineachtemporaldiscrepancycondition
weresystematicallytested.TheresultsshowedthatsubjectsfeltsignificantlygreaterRHIeffectswithtemporaldiscrepancies
oflessthan300mscomparedwithlongertemporaldiscrepancies.TheRHIeffectsonreachingperformance(proprioceptive
drift)showedsimilarconditionaldifferences.
Conclusions/Significance:Ourresultsfirstdemonstratedthatatemporaldiscrepancyoflessthan300msbetweenvisual
stimulationoftherubberhandandtactilestimulationtothesubject’sownhandispreferabletoinducestrongsensationof
RHI.Wesuggestthatthetimewindowoflessthan300msiscriticalformulti-sensoryintegrationprocessesconstitutingthe
self-bodyimage.
Citation:ShimadaS,FukudaK,HirakiK(2009)RubberHandIllusionunderDelayedVisualFeedback.PLoSONE4(7):e6185.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006185
Editor:ShengHe,UniversityofMinnesota,UnitedStatesofAmerica
ReceivedApril1,2009;AcceptedJune11,2009;PublishedJuly9,2009
Copyright: ? 2009 Shimada et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproduct
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